labeling theory is one of the most famous theories in criminology domain. the pivots of this theory consist of the role of power owners in definition of crime and determination of offender, effects of labeling and solutions for prevention of entering label. with study the pivots of labeling theory in islamic sources, we observe that however there is no similarity between religious bases and bas...

The article defends four broad theses: that repentance is the intrinsically appropriate response to moral wrongdoing (Part II); that legal punishment may seek to facilitate repentance and, when repentance is in evidence prior to the completion of a justified punishment, that it can be a legitimate ground for the merciful reduction of the offender’s sentence (Part III); that according repentance...

according to the free will principle, man is responsible for his actions and will be punished accordingly. therefore, acting against the law of shari’a in islam leads to punishment and in islamic jurisprudence there are prefixed punishments for many crimes called “hadd”. but there are some elements like repentance that extinguish “hadd”, so that the criminal will be forgiven and excused. concen...

Financial intermediation in Iran's banking system is negatively affected at least in two ways. First, there are many similarities between financial intermediation and usurious activities in the common interpretation of interest-free banking law. This encourages the banks to participate in various commercial activities. Second, the price setting policies of the central bank makes investment more...

Abstract Many theorists have found the notion of forgiveness to be paradoxical, for it is thought that only blameworthy can appropriately forgiven but are blamed, not forgiven. Some appealed repentance resolve this tension. But others objected such a response explanatorily inadequate in sense merely stipulates and names solution leaving transformative power unexplained. Worse still, cannot succ...

We propose an intermediation core for an economy that is explicit in how traders organize themselves into trade cooperatives (intermediaries) and how trade between them gets carried out. The intermediation core allocations are closely related to equilibrium allocations of a non-cooperative intermediation game in Townsend (1983). We show that the intermediation core contains all subgame-perfect ...